Vmou BA Part 01 Internal Assignment – Introduction to Computer Science (Paper Code: IT-01)

### Internal Assignment – Introduction to Computer Science (Paper Code: IT-01)

#### Section-A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
(Note: Answer all questions in one word, one sentence, or up to 30 words. Each question carries 1 mark.)

1. **Give one difference between batch operating system and real-time operating system.**
   – **Answer**: Batch operating systems execute jobs in batches without user interaction, whereas real-time operating systems process tasks immediately as they come to ensure timely execution.

2. **Name any two memory management algorithms.**
   – **Answer**: Paging and segmentation.

3. **What is the Trojan horse?**
   – **Answer**: A Trojan horse is a type of malicious software disguised as legitimate software that, when executed, performs unauthorized actions on the user’s system.

4. **List any four applications of MIS.**
   – **Answer**: Decision making, problem-solving, performance monitoring, and strategic planning.

#### Section-B (Short Answer Questions)
(Note: Answer any two questions. Each answer should not exceed 200 words. Each question carries 4 marks.)

1. **Discuss the difference between the Linux file system and the file system under Microsoft Windows.**
   – **Answer**: The Linux file system, commonly ext4, uses hierarchical structure with file permissions and symbolic links. Windows file system, primarily NTFS, supports file permissions, encryption, and extensive metadata. Linux treats everything as a file, including hardware, while Windows has separate mechanisms for different types of files and devices.

2. **What are data and coding? Distinguish between pulse code modulation and Delta modulation.**
   – **Answer**: Data refers to raw facts, and coding is the process of converting data into a particular form. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) samples analog signals at regular intervals and converts them to digital form. Delta Modulation (DM) encodes the difference between successive samples, reducing the data rate but potentially increasing noise.

3. **What is Software? Distinguish between application software and system software.**
   – **Answer**: Software is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Application software enables users to perform specific tasks like word processing, while system software, such as an operating system, manages hardware and provides a platform for applications.

4. **What is the need for code? Write a short note on Unicode.**
   – **Answer**: Code is needed to ensure data representation, processing, and transmission efficiency. Unicode is a standardized character encoding system that includes characters from all writing systems, enabling consistent text representation across different platforms and devices.

#### Section-C (Long Answer Questions)
(Note: Answer any one question. Each answer should not exceed 500 words. Each question carries 8 marks.)

1. **Explain the block diagram of the computer. Discuss the generation of computers in detail.**
   – **Answer**: A computer’s block diagram includes the input unit, output unit, central processing unit (CPU), memory unit, and storage unit. The CPU consists of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU). Generations of computers are:
     – **First Generation (1940-1956)**: Vacuum tubes, large and expensive, e.g., ENIAC.
     – **Second Generation (1956-1963)**: Transistors, smaller and more reliable.
     – **Third Generation (1964-1971)**: Integrated Circuits (ICs), increased performance and efficiency.
     – **Fourth Generation (1971-Present)**: Microprocessors, personal computers.
     – **Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)**: Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, advanced parallel processing.

2. **What is Windows XP? Discuss various features of the Windows operating system in detail.**
   – **Answer**: Windows XP is an operating system by Microsoft released in 2001, known for its improved user interface, stability, and security features. Key features include:
     – **User Interface**: Simplified and more intuitive with enhanced start menu and taskbar.
     – **Performance**: Faster boot and application launch times.
     – **Security**: Integrated firewall, automatic updates, and improved user account control.
     – **Networking**: Enhanced support for wireless networking and remote desktop access.
     – **Compatibility**: Better compatibility with older software and hardware through compatibility mode.
     – **Multimedia**: Improved support for media files and built-in applications like Windows Media Player.

These sections cover the essentials and maintain the word limit as requested【3†source】.